Are Bunions Hereditary?

Bunions are painful bumps that form at the base of your big toe. Simple tasks like wearing shoes can become a challenge. Genetics plays a role in whether you'll develop bunions, so if your parents or grandparents suffered from them, you might, too. 

Knowing your family history helps you proactively prevent or manage bunions before they worsen. The experienced team at Washington Foot & Ankle Sports Medicine in Kirkland, Washington, can put your mind at ease and help you deal with bunions.

What are bunions?

A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe, causing the toe to angle toward the second toe. Your big toe joint starts to swell and ache over time. Some people experience mild discomfort, while others struggle to walk or wear shoes. 

Bunions don’t happen overnight. They slowly develop as your foot’s mechanics go off-kilter, creating a painful, progressive problem.

The role of genetics in bunion formation

Are bunions hereditary? Yes, your genes can put you at risk. If your parents or grandparents had bunions, you’re more likely to get them too. You inherit specific foot structures — like the shape and alignment of your bones — that make your feet vulnerable to bunions, especially if you stress them with certain activities.

But don’t assume bunions are inevitable just because they run in your family. Even if bunions run in your family, you might never develop them. Conversely, some people with no genetic predisposition end up with bunions. Your genes are just one piece of a complex puzzle. Other factors play critical roles in determining whether you'll get bunions.

Other contributing factors to bunions

While heredity is a significant factor, it’s not the only one. Several lifestyle and environmental factors can also contribute to the development of bunions. One of the most significant factors is wearing ill-fitting shoes. 

High heels, tight shoes, or shoes with a narrow toe box can all put pressure on the toes and exacerbate the formation of a bunion. People who wear these types of shoes regularly are more likely to develop bunions, even if they don’t have a family history of the condition.

Foot problems like flat feet or abnormal walking patterns can also contribute to the development of bunions. If your feet don’t function properly, the pressure on your big toe joint can increase, leading to the formation of a bunion over time. In some cases, an injury or trauma to the foot can cause the development of bunions as well.

What can you do to prevent bunions?

While you may not be able to change your genetics, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of developing bunions or to manage them if they’ve already started to form. 

First and foremost, wear shoes that fit properly. Choose footwear with a wide toe box, and avoid wearing high heels or shoes that put pressure on your toes. Proper footwear can go a long way in preventing bunions from forming or worsening.

If you have flat feet or other foot problems, talk to our team and ask us for advice on correcting your gait or improving foot mechanics. Custom orthotics can help by providing additional support and redistributing pressure away from the big toe joint.

When to seek medical treatment for bunions

If you notice pain, swelling, or a visible bump near your big toe, it may be time to consult our team. We examine your feet and determine the severity of your bunions. 

In many cases, nonsurgical treatments such as padding, ice, and anti-inflammatory medications can help alleviate pain and reduce swelling. However, if your bunion is causing significant discomfort or limiting your ability to move, we may recommend surgery. Call the office or schedule an online consultation to see how we can help.